Find Out What the Word Punic Means

Basically, Punic refers to the Punic people, i.e., the Phoenicians. It is an ethnic label. The English term Punic comes from the Latin Poenus. Should we be using the term Carthaginian (a civic label referring to the city of North Africa the Romans called ​Carthago) or Punic when referring to the people of northern Africa fighting in the wars with Rome known as the Punic Wars, since Punic can refer to cities elsewhere, like Utica? Here are two articles that elaborate this confusion and may help you, too: Poenus Plane Est - But Who Were the Punickes?Jonathan R. W. PragPapers of the British School at Rome, Vol. 74, (2006), pp. 1-37The Use of Poenus and Carthaginiensis in Early Latin Literature,George Fredric FrankoClassical Philology, Vol. 89, No. 2 (Apr., 1994), pp. 153-158 The Greek term for Punic is ÃŽ ¦ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ºÃŽ µÃâ€š Phoenikes (Phoenix); whence, Poenus. The Greeks did not distinguish between western and eastern Phoenicians, but the Romans did -- once those western Phoenicians in Carthage started to compete with the Romans. Phoenicians in the period from 1200 (dates, as on most pages of this site, are B.C./B.C.E.) until the conquest by Alexander the Great in 333, lived along the Levantine coastline (and so, they would be considered eastern Phoenicians). The Greek term for all the Semitic Levantine peoples was ÃŽ ¦ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ºÃŽ µÃâ€š Phoenikes. After the Phoenician diaspora, Phoenician was used to refer to Phoenician people living west of Greece. Phoenician was not, in general, users of the western area until the Carthaginians came to power (mid-6th century). The term Phoenicio-Punic is sometimes used for the areas of Spain, Malta, Sicily, Sardinia, and Italy, where there was a Phoenician presence (this would be the western Phoenicians). Carthaginian is used specifically for Phoenicians who lived in Carthage. The Latin designation, without value-added content, is Carthaginiensis or Afer since Carthage was in northern Africa. Carthage and African are the geographic or civic designations. Prag writes: The basis of the terminological problem is that, if Punic replaces Phoenician as the general term for the western Mediterranean subsequent to the mid-sixth century, then that which is Carthaginian is Punic, but that which is Punic is not necessarily Carthaginian (and ultimately all is still Phoenician). In the ancient world, the Phoenicians were notorious for their trickiness, as is shown in the expression from Livy 21.4.9 about Hannibal: perfidia plus quam punica (treachery more than Punic).

From Extravagant Movie Theatres to Lowly Bomba Houses...

ABSTRACT Title: From extravagant movie theaters to lowly bomba houses: Investigating the degeneration of city spaces along Claro M. Recto Avenue, Manila There is a lack of understanding about the overall process of degeneration of city spaces in the Philippine setting, specifically along Claro M. Recto Avenue, Manila. This study addresses this concern by suggesting a functionalist approach, using the theories of Durkheim and Merton, in analyzing the negative consequences and implications of massive urbanization and gentrification along the aforementioned street. By using an exploratory qualitative research design, this particular study tries to give light to the process of deterioration and in essence, be of significance to†¦show more content†¦Indeed, the once cultured street lost its glamour and became one of the most dangerous and most crowded streets in all of Manila. Statement of the Problem/Research Questions The study examines the process of degeneration in general, and specifically among city spaces, establishments, such as bomba houses, and institutions along Claro M. Recto Avenue, Manila. It likewise determines the various factors and variables that are associated with the process of deterioration. Overall, the study aims to answer the question: how do city spaces (along Claro M. Recto Avenue) degenerate through time? Specifically, it aims to provide for answers to the following subquestions: What are the changes that have occurred from the perspective and experience of those who are affiliated or have worked under bomba houses, other establishments and institutions across C.M. Recto Avenue? What are the factors that have caused the apparent contrast in experience? How do the people adapt or respond to the changes ushered in by the process of modernization and gentrification of Recto Avenue? Significance of the Study This particular study is of great help in filling for the lack of local literature and understanding of the process of degeneration particularly of city spaces along Recto. This study also highlights the various consequences of modernity, specifically the negative implications of rapid social change brought

Nsa s Surveillance On U.s. Spy Programme - 1250 Words

The NSA is an agency that started surveillance on U.S. citizens and people around the world after 9/11 occurred to ensure the nation’s security. The goal of the NSA is to ultimately protect citizens of the U.S. and to keep a massive terrorist event from occurring in the country again. The NSA collected numerous amounts of data on people to find any type of threat that could lead to the distress of the country, but citizens were not aware of this surveillance. The NSA’s secret was eventually exposed and left not only U.S. citizens, but countries around the world outraged. As mentioned in the article, Edward Snowden: Leaks That Exposed US Spy Programme, by BBC News, â€Å"The scandal broke in early June 2013 when the Guardian newspaper†¦show more content†¦The problem is that the NSA clearly has the resources and ability to place surveillance on people, so even though there is some reform, it is still unknown as to what they are doing in secret. The NSA and the government seem to be making changes from the outside, but on the inside they can still continue to get information as they please because of the access they already have in place. Edward Snowden was a man who worked for the NSA and exposed all of the information that the NSA was accessing from U.S. citizens and those people around the world. Through his actions Snowden did break the law, â€Å"He has been charged with theft of government property, unauthorized communication of national defense information and willful communication of classified communications intelligence† (BBC News). Even though Snowden knew he would be charged for his actions, he still wanted to do the right thing and expose to the people what the NSA was doing. Snowden was looking at the information that was being collected and realized it was not necessary to keep Americans safe. Instead, collecting this information was abruptly digging into their lives and going against their rights as human be ings. When this information was exposed, the citizens wanted the government and the NSA to ultimately change what exactly they were accessing and how they were accessing it. This event that SnowdenShow MoreRelatedGovernment Surveillance5539 Words   |  23 PagesGovernment Surveillance Imagine a world where your every move was being monitored. A dark world where it is no secret who you are, where you have been and who you associate with; now include who you love, who you pray to and what you just ate for dinner. The word privacy doesn’t exist in such world and it is such world that we are heading to.â€Å"Big Brother is watching you!† This quote by George Orwell couldn’t have been truer. Every aspect of our lives is being sorted through as Big Data this very

Dangers of Texting while Driving free essay sample

Drivers should not be allowed to use cellular devices while operating vehicles because it may increase the rate of car accident. I also think that their should be a law to completely band cell phone usage while driving. Cell phones are a big distraction while driving because many want to answer a text or call right then and then they lose all focus on what they are doing. Drivers need to be alert at all times in the event of on coming accident that can be avoided. Many new cars today have phones that are hands free and that is a lot safer than most cell phones. Despite the risks, the majority of teen drivers ignore cell phone driving restriction because they just think they are so cool and they know what they are doing until they get into a car accident. Using a cell phone while driving has caused many car accident, many don’t understand how distracting a phone can be. We will write a custom essay sample on Dangers of Texting while Driving or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When driving you need all your sense, so if your texting or on the phone it takes away some of those sense and is more likely to get in a car accident. Also when texting many are not even looking at the road. So you cant see what’s coming or around you. So if your texting your not paying attention. Talking on a cell phone while driving can make a young drivers reaction time very slow. Similarly when texting it causes driver to take their eyes of the road, many use two hand to text. Many today are taught how to drive with two hands and if trying to talk while driving they take one hand off the wheel to hold the phone which makes the steering wheel feel heavier. This is a problem because it makes the car harder to control. Also for those who try to hold the phone between their head and shoulder it puts them physically off balance and it makes the phone more prone to drop. Which your mind and bodies first reaction would be to pick it up making you take your eyes off the road they may think that it would only be a quick second but even in that short amount of time an accident could happen.